Automad is a data-first content management system (CMS) popular for its simplicity and flexibility. It is utilized by web developers and designers to create and manage dynamic websites without needing extensive coding knowledge. The platform is widely recognized for its ability to handle complex site architectures and user content efficiently. Automad's modular design and theme-based architecture make it a versatile choice for managing website aesthetics and functionality. Its integration capabilities with various plugins and frameworks enhance site performance and expandability. Despite its advantageous features, vulnerabilities like credential disclosure can pose significant security threats to systems using Automad.
Credential Disclosure in Automad arises from publicly accessible endpoints allowing attackers unauthorized access to sensitive user information. This specific vulnerability permits the extraction of bcrypt password hashes from administrator accounts. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this weakness due to the lack of restrictions on access, threatening the integrity and confidentiality of the system. The disclosed hashes can then be used in credential-stuffing attacks, compromising account security. This vulnerability highlights the risk of insufficient access controls in identity management systems. System administrators must take action to secure installations and prevent unauthorized data exposure.
The vulnerability exploits a weakness in the access controls for the /_api/user-collection/create-first-user endpoint. The endpoint returns full serialized user data, including bcrypt password hashes of admin accounts. Attackers can send crafted requests to this endpoint to extract the hashes, if the endpoint remains accessible after initial setup. A critical aspect of this vulnerability is its accessibility to unauthenticated users, increasing the risk of an attack. The discovery of 'passwordHash' and 'accounts.php' in response bodies confirms exploitation. By targeting this endpoint, attackers can gather sufficient information to threaten the compromised system's security.
Exploiting this vulnerability can lead to severe consequences for affected systems. Attackers gaining access to password hashes can crack them to uncover plaintext passwords, facilitating unauthorized access. This can result in a complete system takeover, with attackers able to manipulate or exfiltrate data, degrade website integrity, or disrupt operations. Loss of confidential data, diminished user trust, and potential legal implications are other significant impacts. Organizations must address this vulnerability promptly to avoid substantial financial and reputational damages.
REFERENCES
- Upgrade Automad to version 2.0.0-beta.28 or later to fix the disclosed vulnerability.
- Implement access restrictions on sensitive endpoints like /_api/user-collection/create-first-user to prevent unauthorized access.
- Regularly audit and monitor access logs for unusual activity that could indicate attempts to exploit vulnerabilities.
- Educate users and administrators about the importance of securing sensitive endpoints and implementing robust access controls.
- Conduct periodic security assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate other potential vulnerabilities.
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