Apache Tomcat Default Login Scanner

Apache Tomcat is an open-source implementation of the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language, and Java WebSocket technologies. It is primarily used by enterprise-level applications for building and deploying highly scalable web applications. Developers and administrators often use Apache Tomcat because it provides a "pure Java" HTTP web server environment in which Java code can run. As an essential part of the enterprise technology stack, it supports large-scale and mission-critical workloads. Due to its nature, ensuring robust security mechanisms are in place is crucial for preventing unauthorized access and safeguarding sensitive data. Its widespread use makes it a significant target for security assessments and vulnerability scanning to ensure compliance and security posture.

Default login vulnerability occurs when software or systems are shipped with pre-configured credentials, such as "admin/admin" or "root/root". These default credentials are often documented and publicly known, making it easy for attackers to gain unauthorized access to the system. In the context of Apache Tomcat, default login credentials can lead to significant security risks, allowing potential attackers to manipulate the server, access sensitive data, or use it as a pivot point for further intrusion into the associated network. Organizations often fail to change these default credentials after installation, resulting in a considerable security gap. Detecting such default logins is a vital step in tightening an organization's security perimeter. Ensuring the removal or modification of default logins is a critical aspect of system hardening.

The vulnerability in Apache Tomcat allows the use of default login credentials on its examples directory, which can be exploited through a login endpoint like `/examples/jsp/security/protected/j_security_check`. This particular security risk is facilitated when administrators fail to change or disable default accounts in their applications. From a technical perspective, the scanner attempts to execute login requests using the standard credentials typically left unchanged in haste, identifying any successful login attempts. Administrators often overlook the necessity to secure default access credentials during deployment, which can then be exploited to gain vague access levels to the server.

If this vulnerability is exploited, unauthorized users can gain access to protected areas of the web server, potentially leading to information leaks, data manipulation, and unauthorized actions being taken on the server. With default credentials, attackers have advantageous starting points for invading deeper into enterprise networks and executing other forms of attacks. This security gap might also facilitate the implanting of malicious software, creating further vulnerabilities from within the network. In worst-case scenarios, it might result in total compromise of the system and the broader network, causing extensive data breaches and system failures.

REFERENCES

• https://c0nqr0r.github.io/CVE-2022-34305/