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critical·Product Based Web Vulnerabilities·Updated Apr 22, 2025

CVE-2025-31161 Scanner

CVE-2025-31161 Scanner - Unauthorized Admin Access vulnerability in CrushFTP

Est. Time~10 seconds
Scan TypeSingle Scan
Targetsdomain, subdomain, ipv4
CostFree
3.2k
Times Used
continuous scan runs
4.8k
Continuously Checked
assets under CS
0
Vulnerabilities Found
confirmed findings
References
🔴
CISA Known Exploited Vulnerability
This CVE is actively exploited in the wild. CISA mandates federal agencies to patch immediately.
CVECVE-2025-31161
9.8
CVSScritical
Exploitable remotely over the internet · no authentication required.

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

Attack Vector
Network
Privileges Req.
None
User Interaction
None
Affected
CrushFTPby CrushFTP
AFFECTED< 10.8.4SAFE ✓≥ 10.8.4
Updated Aug 22, 2026View on NVD →
Detail

CrushFTP is a secure file transfer software used by businesses and organizations worldwide. It provides a robust framework for secure file hosting, sharing, and synchronizing over various protocols. The software is widely utilized across industries due to its flexibility and ease of use, making it a popular choice for companies needing reliable file transfer solutions. Given its comprehensive features, CrushFTP allows users to manage extensive user accounts, employ secure encryption protocols, and integrate with existing authentication systems. It is particularly favored in environments where data transfer security is paramount. Businesses reliant on file exchanges, such as financial institutions, healthcare providers, and legal firms, commonly employ CrushFTP.

The vulnerability in question is an Unauthorized Admin Access flaw within affected versions of CrushFTP. It allows attackers to gain unauthorized access to the platform by exploiting weaknesses in authentication mechanisms. The susceptibility arises when the software mishandles authorization tokens, leading to potential exploitation by malicious actors. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication and gain administrative privileges. The threat is notably severe, given the critical data managed by the software, requiring immediate attention and remedy. This exposure is prevalent across multiple versions of CrushFTP.

Technical details reveal that the vulnerability is triggered through specific HTTP requests that manipulate authentication cookies. By crafting requests to the WebInterface function of CrushFTP, attackers manipulate the authorization mechanism. They exploit predictable patterns in token generation, which allows unauthorized commands to be executed. This leads to the potential exposure of user data and configuration settings. Detailed examination indicates the malicious requests are structured as GET requests, embedding malformed authentication data.

Potential effects of this vulnerability include unauthorized data access, service disruption, and data integrity compromises. Exploitation may result in complete control over the CrushFTP server by attackers, enabling data theft or loss, and possible service outages. Sensitive information such as user credentials, customer data, and configuration files could be extracted or altered. Organizations relying heavily on CrushFTP may face significant risks, including reputational damage and legal consequences. Rapid mitigation and application of security patches are imperative to thwart exploitation.

REFERENCES

Solution Advice
  • Update to the latest version of CrushFTP as recommended by the vendor.
  • Implement strong authentication mechanisms and review the security settings of existing user accounts.
  • Monitor network traffic for unusual activities and enforce strict access controls to sensitive data.
  • Conduct regular audits and penetration tests to identify and rectify potential security gaps.
  • Stay informed of security advisories and patches provided by CrushFTP developers and apply them promptly.

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