Struts is an open-source web application framework for Java. It is designed to develop elegant, extensible, and maintainable enterprise web applications. Struts is widely used by organizations to build custom web applications since it provides a consistent and well-documented framework. The framework supports a model-view-controller (MVC) architecture which separates the application’s data, user interface, and control logic. By using Struts, developers can easily build web applications that expand over time, incorporate robust security features, and promote reusability.
CVE-2010-1870 is a vulnerability that affects Struts 2.0.0 to 2.1.8.1. The vulnerability is related to an extensive expression evaluation capability called Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL). The whitelist in OGNL is permissive, which allows attackers to modify server-side context objects and bypass the "#" protection mechanism in ParameterInterceptors using OGNL context variables such as #context, #_memberAccess, #root, #this, #_typeResolver, #_classResolver, #_traceEvaluations, #_lastEvaluation, #_keepLastEvaluation, and potentially others. Attackers who exploit this vulnerability can inject malicious code, execute unauthorized commands, or access sensitive system files.
When an attacker successfully exploits CVE-2010-1870, they can gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or manipulate the system's behavior. The attacker can obtain confidential information such as login credentials, personally identifiable information, and financial data. The attacker can also execute unauthorized system commands leading to the destruction of the system, alter the system's configuration, or install malware. The breach can also affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the web application and its data.
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REFERENCES
- http://blog.o0o.nu/2010/07/cve-2010-1870-struts2xwork-remote.html
- http://confluence.atlassian.com/display/FISHEYE/FishEye+Security+Advisory+2010-06-16
- http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/159643/LISTSERV-Maestro-9.0-8-Remote-Code-Execution.html
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2010/Jul/183
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Oct/23
- http://securityreason.com/securityalert/8345
- http://struts.apache.org/2.2.1/docs/s2-005.html
- http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20140709-struts2
- http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/14360
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/41592
The following precautions can be taken to protect against CVE-2010-1870:
- Upgrade to the latest version of Struts
- Implement appropriate web application firewalls
- Regularly scan web applications for vulnerabilities
- Limit the use of OGNL expressions
- Use input sanitization and validation techniques
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