CVE-2025-23061 Scanner

Scanner checks for a critical vulnerability in Mongoose, a popular Node.js ODM library used to interact with MongoDB databases. It is widely used by developers and companies to seamlessly manage data in web applications through schemas. The vulnerability targets the software's populate() function, which is instrumental in populating data across MongoDB documents. Despite previous patch attempts, an incomplete fix was made that allowed exploitation through nested logical operators. Therefore, systems using Mongoose are susceptible unless they are updated to the latest version. Detecting and addressing this vulnerability is critical for enterprises relying on Mongoose for handling sensitive data.

This critical vulnerability stems from a flaw in Mongoose, a library that forms a critical part of multiple Node.js applications. Originally an attempt to block $where injections, attackers found a way to execute arbitrary JavaScript. Nesting $where operators inside logical constructs like $and, bypasses prior injections protections. Consequently, malicious users may achieve code injection in MongoDB environments, potentially gaining unauthorized access. The vulnerability allows accessing sensitive information without authentication, posing a significant security risk. Manufacturers should promptly update affected versions to prevent exploitation.

Technically, the vulnerability exploits the populate() function's match option. Attackers apply $where operators within logical operators in the database query process. This bypass is achievable due to an incomplete fix for a prior CVE. When nested within $and operators, it opens the possibility of executing arbitrary JavaScript code. Successfully infiltrating the database involves targeting specific endpoints and parameters, such as 'authorMatch'. If malicious actors exploit the injection, they could dynamically influence data handling during MongoDB queries without detection. Therefore, vigilant update management and code review are essential defenses.

Upon exploitation, intruders bypass authentication and may execute unauthorized commands on the MongoDB server. This level of access could lead to the exposure of sensitive administrative data and configuration. It transforms seemingly isolated instances into vast data exposure risks with potential data manipulation. Continued dangers involve unauthorized administrative actions and broader application disruption. Companies must prioritize patching to mitigate these severe security impacts. Leaving systems unpatched could lead to extensive data breaches and loss of sensitive information.

REFERENCES

• https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
• https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
• https://github.com/NamhyeonKo/mongoose-cve-lab
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23061