Nuxt.js Arbitrary File Read Scanner

Nuxt.js is an open-source framework based on Vue.js and Node.js, used by developers worldwide for creating modern web applications. This framework simplifies the development process by providing a robust structure for building server-side rendered and static-generated applications. It is highly appreciated for its ease of use, flexibility, and ability to create SEO-friendly applications. Nuxt.js is often utilized for its flexibility, allowing developers to extend it and integrate with various tools and libraries. Developers value its ability to handle dynamic data fetching and route management efficiently. The framework is primarily used in development environments due to its developer-friendly features and tooling support.

The Arbitrary File Read vulnerability allows unauthorized file access on an application server, potentially exposing sensitive data. When a web application processes user-generated input to access file paths improperly, it becomes vulnerable to arbitrary file read attacks. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to gain access to sensitive files, such as configuration files or credentials, by crafting specific requests. It is particularly impactful in development environments where security measures might not be fully enforced. This vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical application resources and data exposure. Effective mitigation strategies are essential to prevent exploitation and protect sensitive information.

The vulnerability specifically affects instances of Nuxt.js operating in a development mode where input is insufficiently sanitized, allowing attackers to exploit certain endpoints. Generally, this may include access to internal files by passing unauthorized parameters within a request path. In the provided nuclei template, the vulnerability is tested through requests to specific paths like '__nuxt_vite_node__/module//bin/passwd' or '__nuxt_vite_node__/module/C:/Windows/System32/calc.exe'. These requests are constructed to determine whether the server parses the input and returns file content without proper authorization checks. The matcher criteria ensure that only responses that contain specific JSON content types and structure validate the presence of this vulnerability.

When exploited, this vulnerability allows an attacker unauthorized access to the server's file system, potentially leading to data breaches, exposure of sensitive information like user credentials, and other security incidents. Malicious individuals can leverage this flaw to scrape sensitive application data, leading to further attacks or unethical information disclosure. It may also facilitate secondary attacks such as privilege escalation by leveraging mapped credentials or configuration settings. The impact on business processes or user trust can be significant, urging immediate patching and securing of the environment. Effective remediations involve restricting file paths and enhancing input validation practices to sanitize external inputs adequately.

REFERENCES

• https://huntr.dev/bounties/7840cd32-af15-40cb-a148-7ef3dff4a0c2/
• https://bryces.io/blog/nuxt3
• https://twitter.com/fofabot/status/1669339995780558849