CVE-2025-48828 Scanner

vBulletin is a widely-used forum software that facilitates online discussions and community building. It is frequently deployed by businesses, schools, and organizations to manage message boards and online communities, providing a platform for users to post topics, share information, and engage in discussions. This software supports extensive customization and modification through its modular architecture, making it a versatile choice for sites of all sizes. It is often targeted by attackers due to its popularity and widespread use in hosting various interactive features on the web. A major advantage of vBulletin is its robust feature set, which encompasses user management, content approval, and an advanced permission system. However, this complexity can also introduce vulnerabilities if not correctly managed or updated.

The Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in vBulletin allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a server, potentially leading to full system compromise. This vulnerability is especially dangerous because it can be exploited by remote, unauthenticated attackers, meaning no prior access or credentials are needed. It is rooted in the improper handling of inputs and functions within the vBulletin's code. The flaw specifically involves the Reflection API of PHP, which attackers can manipulate to invoke methods not intended to be accessible externally. This can lead to unintended execution of PHP code, compromising server integrity. Successfully exploiting this vulnerability provides attackers with an entry point to further infiltrate the network or deploy malicious software.

The vulnerability exploits the vBulletin endpoint "ajax/api/ad/replaceAdTemplate" using an improperly handled input that the attackers can manipulate. The attackers utilize a crafted "" conditional to inject a command that executes arbitrary PHP code via the "passthru($_POST[])" function. This enables them to run any system commands remotely. The compromised endpoints are vulnerable due to incorrect access controls, allowing attackers to trigger the vulnerability with a second request to "ajax/render/ad_." This lack of validation and improper use of the PHP Reflection API facilitates the execution of unauthorized commands. Effective use of this vulnerability can lead attackers to gain control over the entire server system.

Exploitation of this RCE vulnerability can have severe consequences, including complete server takeover and data leakage. Attackers may execute arbitrary commands to install backdoors, steal sensitive data, or disrupt organizational services. This could result in network downtime, loss of user trust, and potentially significant financial consequences. Moreover, unauthorized access can compromise the security of user data hosted on vBulletin forums, risking user privacy and data integrity. The reach of this vulnerability expands as compromised servers can be used as launchpads for further attacks both within and beyond the target organization's infrastructure.

REFERENCES

• https://karmainsecurity.com/pocs/vBulletin-replaceAdTemplate-RCE.php
• https://karmainsecurity.com/dont-call-that-protected-method-vbulletin-rce
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48827
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48828