CVE-2020-10532 Scanner

WatchGuard Fireware is a robust network security operating system used globally by enterprises to secure network, application, and data resources. It is renowned for its Threat Detection and Response capabilities. Network administrators and IT security teams primarily use the software to monitor and respond to security threats in real-time. The software integrates various defenses, like web filtering and intrusion prevention, into a cohesive management interface. Many organizations rely on its features for Active Directory integration to manage user credentials efficiently. Fireware's adaptability makes it suitable for both small businesses and large enterprises with complex security requirements.

The Credential Disclosure vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware is critical, as it allows unauthenticated attackers to access plaintext Active Directory credentials. The flaw exists in the AD Helper component, which is part of the Threat Detection and Response service. This vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information and further compromise the network. Attackers exploiting this issue can retrieve cleartext passwords, posing serious security risks to affected networks. This type of vulnerability is often exploited in broader attacks targeting domain credentials to enable deeper infiltration into corporate networks.

Technically, the vulnerability exploits the unauthenticated access to certain API endpoints within Fireware AD Helper. Specifically, attackers can trigger GET requests to extract information like "fullyQualifiedName", "logonDomain", "username", and "password" from the response. When these parameters are exposed, it implies weak access controls, allowing information disclosure without proper authentication checks. The vulnerability resides in the incorrect handling of requests in the domains list API, indicating a potential oversight in input validation and authentication mechanisms. Such vulnerabilities necessitate immediate attention and corrective measures to mitigate potential data breaches and unauthorized access.

When successfully exploited, the Credential Disclosure vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to domain credentials, facilitating further attacks. Attackers can use obtained credentials to access sensitive areas of the network, escalate privileges, or deploy additional payloads. The impact of this vulnerability can include data theft, network disruption, and potential ransomware attacks. It increases the risk of malicious insiders exploiting leaked credentials to bypass security measures. Organizations may also face regulatory fines and loss of customer trust if data breaches are linked to exploited credential disclosure vulnerabilities.

REFERENCES

• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10532
• https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48203
• https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-blog/tdr-ad-helper-credential-disclosure-vulnerability